History Of Caffeinated Energy Drinks - 2540 Words

History of Caffeinated Energy Drinks Many students turn to caffeine-containing substances such as coffee and caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs) in order to cope with the daily stresses that arise from their studies, often related to lack of sleep or low energy [1]. Caffeinated energy beverages are a relatively newer source of caffeine, first appearing in 1997 with the introduction of the Red Bull brand of energy drinks. Since their appearance, the energy beverage niche has grown exponentially, with the industry growing to represent $6.67 billion dollars as of 2013 [2]. A variety of brands from a number of manufacturers have appeared to fill the market, including major beverage manufacturers such as Coca-Cola with their Monster line and PepsiCo with their line of Amp and Starbucks Doubleshot drinks [1, 3]. Composition of Caffeinated Energy Drinks The hallmark of energy drinks is their purported ability to provide the consumer with sustained energy. This effect is largely due to the high concentration of caffeine often found in the energy drinks, however there are a number of other additives in CEDs that are supposed to have a similar effect [4-6]. For example, in addition to caffeine, CEDs contain additives such as glucuronalactone and taurine along with herbal extracts including ginseng, guarana, and ginkgo biloba [5]. Energy drinks also contain added vitamins and supplements such as vitamin B6 and vitamin B12. The inclusion of these supplements categorizes them asShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Caffeine On Elite Athletes Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesThis study focuses on the effects of ingested caffeinated energy drink compared to placebo in three different sports, rugby, soccer, and volleyball. Each sport had a dissimilar number of participants, including male and female. The effects were analyzed under different circumstances in each sport performed. A few materials were used during the activities to monitor precisely the changes in all participants’ bodies. This study illustrates significant positive changes and improvement in all participants’Read MoreThe Effects Of Caffeinated Energy Drinks On Athletes Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesThis study targets the physical effect of caffeinated energy drinks on athletes in team sports, primarily the capacity of the participants to perform repeated sprints during a simulated match. Caffeine is a natural central nervous system stimulant. It is considered a drug that if is overly consumed can be dangerous for one’s body. Caffeine is a temporary energy booster that improves mood and alertness for most people, mainly athletes. It can be an eye-opener in the morning, could be drunk or eatenRead MoreCoffee Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagesthe second most popular beverage that people drink after water. On average about 83% of the world’s adults drink coffee, and they consume approximately 1.6 billion cups of coffee daily. They are not fully aware of the effects coffee can have on our health. There are two main types of coffee that people drink: decaffeinated and caffeinated. Decaffeinated coffee does not have caffeine; therefore, it is not as effective as caffeinated coffee is. Caffeinated coffee contains a substance called caffeineRead MoreThe Consumption Of Energy Drinks Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesEnergy drinks can be generally characterised as con taining caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone, inositol and a variety of B vitamins, including thiamine, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid and riboflavin. Caffeine, taurine and glucuronolactone are regulated as Natural Health Products under Schedule 1 of the NHP Regulations. The product Red Bull exemplifies a typical energy drink, where a single can serving of 250 ml contains 80 mg of caffeine, 1000 mg of taurine, 600 mg of glucuronolactoneRead MoreEssay about Effects of Caffeine on Human Health1032 Words   |  5 Pageswell-known orally consumed drug around the world. In the 1820s, a German chemist named Friedrich Ferdinand Runge first discovered caffeine by extracting it from coffee [6]. Coffee and tea are leading sources of caffeine in the adult diet whereas caffeinated soft drinks are leading sources of caffeine in the diet of children in North America [7]. The per capita consumption level of caffeine for consumers of all ages is approximately 120mg/day [4]. The purpose of this investigation is to conclude whetherRead MoreIndividual Differences Affecting Caffeine Intake Essays2621 Words   |  11 Pagescommonly used legal substance in the world (Nehlig, 1999). Since many caffeinated drinks are marketed directly to children (Bramstedt, 2007) and caffeine consumption is increasing among children (Frary et al., 2005), it’s necessary to learn the possible effects of caffeine intake in this age group. Within the past 30 there has been a 70% increase in caffeine consumption among teenagers and children. (Harnack et al., 1999). Energy drinks are marketed specifically to young adults and children with advertisementsRead MorePepsi Cola As A Carbonated Beverage Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pageslong after me. Pepsi cola is elastic and in an industry that is mainly dominated by Coca Cola. Although Pepsi and Coke are in constant competition with one another to gain and maintain the same customers. Seeing that 95% of the United States drinks soft drinks. This shows the large number of potential customers Pepsi Cola could gain. Pepsi s advertising constantly has to stay current to appeal to the younger generation. Their target market would be generation X but also has a large focus on the 12Read MoreCoffee And An Injection Full Of Coffee Beans1519 Words   |  7 Pagesw/an injection full of coffee beans Health Canada states that 60 percent of Canadian adults take in caffeine through coffee, while 30 percent get their fix with tea. The remaining 10 percent of Canadians consumption of caffeine comes from pop, energy drinks, chocolate and medications [Best Health Mag]. Coffee drinkers can suffer from the draining side effects of a drug they didn’t realize they were taking daily; Caffeine.This is a big issue in today’s society and affecting many people’s health andRead MoreHistory Of Energy Drink Consumption On Australia1632 Words   |  7 Pages1. History of Energy Drink consumption in Australia: An energy drink is a popular non-alcoholic drink that includes caffeine and may contain other ingredients such as taurine and B vitamins, ginseng and guarana. In Australia, a 250ml can of an energy drink contains 80mg of caffeine, which is equivalent to the amount of caffeine in a 250mL cup of instant coffee. Every energy drink sold in Australia must include a list of ingredients on the can or bottle. The labels include nutritional informationRead MoreThe Dietary Guidelines For Nutrition And Human Needs868 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the History of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans , In 1977 after years of scientific review and controversy the US Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs, led by Senator George McGovern, recommended Dietary Goals for the American people (US Senate Select Committee, 1977). The Goals included complementary nutrient-based and food-based recommendations. The first goal aim attention at energy balance and urged that, to prevent overweight, Americans should endure only as

The Problem Of Sexual Addiction - 2169 Words

For centuries, men and women have battled over issues of equality. While it has been proven that women can perform physically and cognitively equivalent with the male gender, there are still certain areas of dissimilarity that isolate men and women to their respective corners. No matter the physique or intelligence of either gender, psychological matters will always segregate the two. This notion is true in the complications of assessing, diagnosing, and treating sexual addiction. An average of 22 million people suffer from sexual addiction; 45% of that statistic belongs to women. However, research in the area of sexual addiction does not cater to these numbers. Often time’s research either does not focus on gender, is concentrated only on men, lumps both genders into one, or simply ignores women all together (McKeague, 2014). While some causes of sexual addiction will be similar for both genders, emotions and reactions often times differ between genders. Trauma, attachment, and shame experiences will be similar for both sexes; however, women may respond in varying ways that may differ from males. As well as the aforementioned occurrences, women are confronted with cultural issues towards sexuality that men do not have to endure. It is important for counselors to understand these variances in order to effectively assist their clients to a successful recovery from sexual addiction, and educate them to understand a healthy sexual relationship (McKeague, 2014).Show MoreRelatedA Critical Review of Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction1665 Words   |  7 Pages A Critical Review of Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction Pamela D. McKoy Liberty University Abstract This critical review will attempt to summarize the book â€Å"Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction† written by, Dr. Mark R. Laaser. Highlighting all the centralRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Healing The Wounds Of Sexual Addiction By Dr. Mark R.1667 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This critical review will attempt to summarize the book â€Å"Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction† written by, Dr. Mark R. Laaser, highlighting all the central themes and giving an in-depth analysis of Dr. Laaser’s work on the subject of sexual addiction. It will give his perspective and evidence to support it from the book and other sources. In this review, you will find that Dr. Laaser has added valuable insight to the subject on a personal level. It will also show how Dr. Laaser’s faithRead MoreHyper Sexual Addiction Is A Disorder Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesHyper Sexual addiction is a disorder that can be defined as a person having a habitually elevated sex drive, fantasies, and urges. Nevertheless, compared to other sexual addictions, this could be known as one of the most riskiest and dangerous addiction. Hyper Sexual Addiction has become more prevalent because of the infidelities amongst some celebrities and political figures. Sexual addiction has always existed, but because of technology and social media, people have become aware of it. PeopleRead MoreIs Addiction to Pornography a Brain Disease?1027 Words   |  4 PagesIs Addiction, Brain Disease? Pornography addiction and sex addiction are very alike sicknesses, arguably a sex addiction is not a disease or sickness however, and I feel as if it is. Walking around a sex addict you would probably never know about their disorder unless told otherwise. Many debates are about whether or not sexual addiction is an actual brain disease but just like drug addiction and alcohol addiction I classify it as the same. In a study taken in 2013 The Discovery Channel foundRead MoreSexual Addiction Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSexual Addition may be a common problem but it still remains a relatively understood condition characterized by strong sexual urges. In recent weeks, the issue has resurfaced. Last week, a Journalist Brian Alexander(2007), this psychological condition was once again questioned and the condition was described as such: Sexual addiction is defined as any sexually-related, compulsive behavior which interferes with normal living and causes severe stress on family, friend s, loved ones and ones workRead MoreHow Sex Addiction Is Too Much? Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages How do people develop an addiction to sex? Sex is such a popular topic in these modern times, why wouldn’t there be an addiction to it? The media is obsessed with sex because â€Å"sex sells.† What is sex addiction, anyway? It is hard to pin an exact definition to the name. Sex addiction has been defined as sexual compulsivity, hypersexuality, and/or sex dependency (Hall,2011). One of the problems I see with these attempts of defining sex addiction is how do we define how much sex is too much? WhereRead MoreSex Addiction856 Words   |  4 Pagesof Hypersexual Disorder and Sex Addiction J. K. Harville Thoughts on the reality of Hypersexual Disorder and Sex Addiction We often hear about addictions and the problems they cause in the news and portrayed in Movies and television. We hear about an alcoholic, a drug addict, or a compulsive gambler and how their addictions destroy their lives and that of their families. An addiction we don’t often hear about or see glorified on television is an addiction to Biology’s most base instinct;Read MoreThe Underlying Causes Of Sexual Behavior1404 Words   |  6 Pagesout-of-control sexual behavior has led to contentious arguments, since the underlying causes of the behavior determine how it should be treated. This literature review looks at the possible causes of sexual dysfunction in the form of overactive sexual activities. Using internet search terms including sexual addiction, sexual dependency, and hypersexuality, information was gathered on historical and current viewpoints on the causes of such behavior to determine whether overactive sexual activity shouldRead MoreThe Effects Of Sex Ad diction On The Failure Of The Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental962 Words   |  4 PagesThe authors of this article have chosen to do research on the topic of sex addiction in response to the failure of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder- V to properly distinguish internet addictive disorder and hypersexual disorders. Furthermore, they believe that clinicians who specialize in addiction and sexual disorders to be inadequately prepared for cybersexual addictions and sexual compulsivity. By presenting a historical perspective and literature review that demands attentionRead More Sex Addiction Essays1379 Words   |  6 PagesSex Addiction Addiction, a compulsive psychological need for a habit-forming substance according to an online dictionary (p). In this instance, the substance is sex or masturbation. A sex addict needs progressively more and more explicit pornographic material in order to become aroused. Their behavior becomes centered on different sexual experiences and the desire to attain them. The person cannot control their sexual appetites resulting in severe consequences for themselves and others. Sex

Russell On Platonic Universals Example For Students

Russell On Platonic Universals The consideration of Platonic universals consequently rouses controversy among philosophers. Thinkers like Bertrand Russell and Thomas Hobbes contribute reflective explanations for the undeniable usage of question-begging ideas in language and thought. While the deliberation of Platonic universals might seem to be fruitless and, at best, obscure to the layperson, it does function as a critical foundation for metaphysics and epistemology. Whether a philosopher agrees or disagrees with the idea of Platonic universals is irrelevant to the certain truth that he or she must form some opinion of them preceding most any hilosophic endeavor. To attempt to summarize Platos theory of universals in a paragraph would do it a great injustice but a simple, working definition of the theory is necessary to move any further. Platos theory can be condensed as follows: A universal (or form) is an independently existing, nonspatial, nontemporal something known only through thought and that cannot be known through the senses; independently existing objects of thought; that which makes a particular thing uniquely and essentially what it is. In even simpler terms, a universal would be something like the redness of an apple. According to Plato, the red quality of the apple must exist because the apple is red. Butredness itself isnt a tangible thing that can be directly experienced with the senses. You cannot produce red itself, only things that are red. But it is not only the fact that an apple is red that distinguishes it from other objects in the world. In addition to its redness, an apple is an apple. An apple is not a pear. The quality unique to the apple is its appleness. Thus, by appealing to the Platonic universals one can make a distinction between an apple and a pear, or all other things in the world. I. Thomas Hobbes Nominalism Plato concluded that universals must actually exist. That is, that when appleness is appealed to, something out there provides classification for the thing in question. This was (and still is) a radical notion that demanded explanation and was highly susceptible to criticism. Among those critics was Thomas Hobbes, a 16th Century social and political philosopher. In his work, The Leviathan, Hobbes argued that thought is a purely material event and that universals are just a result of language. Hobbes was a nominalist. Nominalism is the view that there are no universals over and above articular individuals2. For Hobbes, one of the answers to the question of universals could be found in the commonality of things. For instance, if a rock and a table are both hard, it is not because we refer to a universal, hardness for them, it is because we use the word hard to describe both of them. Another point made by Hobbes was that humans place things into categories in order to satisfy certain needs. Heimir Geirsson made a good analogy of this idea in his Metaphysics textbook, Beginning Metaphysics. He uses a weed for the analogy: A good example of this is the term weed, which is efined as a plant that is not desired or cultivated by human beings and grows profusely. This is not a natural species that would exist even if human beings had never decided to classify some plants as weeds. Many human beings are interested in having a special category for plants they dont like and that grow abundantly, and they create that category for plants they dont like, and they create that category with that name and definition. If human beings had not worried about weeds, then there would be no weeds. Of course, there would still be plants that we now call weeds, e. g. andelions and crabgrass, but they would not be weeds. Whether or not there are weeds depends on human beings classifying these plants as weeds. 2 Geirssons analogy is an interesting one because of the question it evokes. Why arent all definitions like that of the weed, i. e. , human classification? Hobbes thought that they were. For Hobbes, there were no real universals. Those things, which we refer to as universals, are simply created by humans out of a need to organize the world. II. .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93 , .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93 .postImageUrl , .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93 , .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93:hover , .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93:visited , .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93:active { border:0!important; } .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93:active , .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93 .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uec383bae1176c4ea4a0bbf223fed6c93:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Into the abyssmarquis de sade and the enlightenmen EssayBertrand Russell on Platonic Universals Bertrand Russell attempted to defend the theory of Platonic universals. In order to do this he first thought it necessary to distinguish between universals that were qualities of things and those that were relations between things. The most practical way to separate qualities and relations is to understand them through their linguistic functions. Adjectives and common nouns express qualities or properties of single things, whereas prepositions and verbs tend to express relations between two or more things. 3 For example, the sentence The dog ran around the tree. Contains instanc es of quality and relation universals. Dog, tree, and ran refer o a universal that is a quality of the objects and the action. When we think ofdog and tree, we first have neutral objects that we distinguish by attaching their respective qualities, which are dogness and treeness. Similarly, the verb ran, being in the past tense, not only attributes the quality of running to a neutral action, but also refers to a point in time when the action took place. To think of the whole phenomenon of a dog having run around a tree, there must also necessarily exist a corresponding universal for the preposition around. This universal differs from the previously entioned ones in that it connects and relates the other universals to each other. Without it, the sentence would read something like this: The dog ran tree. In order to make any sense of the statement a relation betweenran and tree must first be established. Thus, it follows thataround must be a different type of universal than ran, dog, ortree. No sense can be made of anything unless there is some understood relationship between them. Russell thought that since inference of relation universals was unavoidable, there was sufficient metaphysical evidence to pprove of the ontological status given to them by Plato. In order to further shield his argument from scrutiny, Russell also thought it was necessary to adjust the language about universals in regard to their ontological position. He judged that it was preferable to allude to universals as subsisting rather than existing. To speak of some as existing implies some sort of spatio-temporal location. If the question is asked, When and where does this universal exist? the answer must be Nowhere and nowhen, says Russell. The realm of universals is rigid an unaffected by the world of perception. The term used for objects within the world of perceptions that refer to their obligatory universal cannot be used. This is also to avoid the objection that universals only exist in the mind. Russell suggested that the word subsist should be used in language about universals. This is because the term simply implies that they have being. 3 In doing so, Russell seems to adequately preserve his logic from Hobbes-like arguments. III. Conclusion While Russells argument does seem to refute those made by the likes of Hobbes; it is not without uncertainty. A more bvious objection to Russells argument would be that of an infinite regression of universals. If there is a relation between dog andtree, then there must certainly also be a relationship between the relation universal around and the whatever (around) that it classifies. But it might not stop there. Why would there not be yet another relationship between these three relationships? Anytime there are ideas or things; there must be some relationship between them. So, for The dog ran around the tree, there must be a relationship between dog, ran, and tree. Those relationships are ran, and around. But of course there must be an understood relationship between ran andaround also for the statement to make any sense. Since realists like Russell contend that these things refer to some universal, there must be a relationship between them and the universal. But now we have two universals and there needs to be a relationship established between the two universals. That relationship could be as simple as their equality as universals. And now that equality must too be a universal. And there is a relationship between that equality and its universal. .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f , .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f .postImageUrl , .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f , .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f:hover , .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f:visited , .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f:active { border:0!important; } .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f:active , .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0cf36f9cf65f8afcb30c8dcbadbc572f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Genocide EssayThis web can continue indefinitely, preventing any bjective classification from exposing itself out of the statement, The dog ran around the tree. As for Hobbes, his argument has a similar fate. Using his logic, a statements meaning would be circular in nature. Going back to Geirssons analogy of the weed, we can infer the statement Weed satisfies the need for humans to categorize certain types of plants. Geirssons own opinion of this is that now the term satisfy needs to be satisfied and thus leads to a vicious circle. 2 It is unfortunate that both men are dead and unable to respond to such objections. However, of the two, Russells oint-of-view still seems to be the more persuasive. Russell, having been a mathematician as well, could have fairly easily pointed out that there is nothing subject to controversy in the idea of an infinite measure of anything. An elementary principle of mathematics is that no matter what number you have, one more can always be added. Just because this infinite amount of relationships seems to make anything impossibly complex, does not make it illogical or inconceivable. Consequently it is my conclusion that, while not error-free, Bertrand Russells concept of relationship universals is, so far, most impressive.